Why the Waking State Is Called the Second in Shiva Sutras

Introduction to the Three States

In the Shiva Sutras the mind is described as moving through three primary states: jāgrat (waking), svapna (dream), and sushupti (deep sleep). The sutras label the waking state as jāgrad dvitīyakaraḥ, meaning “the second”. This naming may seem puzzling until we examine the philosophical ordering of consciousness.

Why It Is Considered the Second

Traditional commentaries explain that the first state is āśraya, the subtle substratum that underlies all experience. From that foundation the waking awareness emerges as the second manifestation, followed by the dream and deep‑sleep phases. Thus jāgrad dvitīyakaraḥ does not imply it is less important, but that it is the second expression of the underlying reality.

Relation to Māyā

The waking state is the arena where Māyā operates most vividly. Sensory input, mental constructs, and egoic identifications appear here, creating the illusion of separateness. Recognizing this, a practitioner can begin to see the veil and use the state as a laboratory for self‑inquiry.

Practical Implications

Understanding that waking is the second state guides meditation practice. Instead of trying to escape waking, the seeker learns to observe it with the same detachment applied to dream and deep sleep. Techniques such as trāṭaka (steady gaze) and mindful breathing transform ordinary activities into moments of awareness.

Key Practices Aligned with Jāgrad Dvitīyakaraḥ

Witnessing the Flow: Treat each thought and sensation as a passing wave, noting its appearance without attachment.
Integrating Dream Insight: Recall insights from the dream state and test them during waking activities.
Balancing Energy: Use breathwork to harmonize the subtle currents (prāṇas) that are most active while awake.

How the Waking State Interacts with the Other Two

When the practitioner stabilizes awareness in waking, the transition to dream becomes smoother, and the deep‑sleep state gains clarity. Conversely, mastery of the dream and deep‑sleep states enriches waking perception, allowing the practitioner to see through Māyā more readily.

Symbolic Representation

In iconography, Shiva is often shown with a third eye that opens in the waking state, symbolizing the awakened perception that transcends ordinary sight. This third eye is the visual metaphor for the realization that waking is the second step toward ultimate consciousness.

Conclusion

Labeling waking as the second state in the Shiva Sutras reminds us that consciousness is a layered process. By honoring the waking state as a fertile ground for practice, we align with the sutras’ wisdom and move toward the unconditioned awareness that lies beyond all three states.